Devices, systems and methods for testing traffic accident prevention technology

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a compliant target for testing traffic accident prevention technology for a test vehicle (650). It is characterized in that the compliant target object (600) is configured to be mountable on a motor driven dynamic motion element (DME) and mounted thereon for collision with a test vehicle while the dynamic motion element (10) DME), wherein the compliant target (600) is provided with: a plurality of plates (3010, 3020, 1805) each having a total length, a total width, and a substantially uniform thickness, the total length and the total width of which are respectively at least ten times greater than its thickness; the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are soft and compliant and formed of a uniformly distributed material which does not exceed a total hardness of 100 Shore OO; the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are configured so as to be releasably connected to each other at intersecting angles, or are repeatedly reconnected to each other at such intersecting angles that an inner framework for a compliant target system (GST) is formed; inner framework is configured to support an outer cover (3030) forming an outer cover surface of the body of the compliant target (600).
公开号:AT15979U1
申请号:TGM3/2016U
申请日:2013-04-26
公开日:2018-10-15
发明作者:
申请人:Dynamic Res Inc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

description
2.0 TECHNICAL AREA
The present invention relates to devices, systems and methods for testing traffic accident prevention technology.
3.0 BACKGROUND
[0002] As advanced Adaptive Traffic Prevention Technologies (ACATs) such as Forward Collision Early Warnings (FCW), upcoming collision braking systems or other advanced technologies evolve, so does the need for complete testing methods that reduce the risks to test personnel and personnel Reduce damage to the equipment. Evaluating such ACAT systems poses many difficulties. For example, the scoring system should be able to reliably and precisely guide a potential compliant collision partner (Soft CP) along a motion trajectory that ultimately results in a collision in a plurality of configurations, such as rear-end collisions, head-on collisions, intersecting paths, or the like lateral impact. In addition, the compliant collision partner should not pose a significant physical risk to the test driver or other test personnel, and damage to the equipment and the test vehicle by the collision should be prevented. These difficulties are difficult to overcome. Third, the soft CP for the test vehicle should represent a realistic simulation, such as a motor vehicle, a pedestrian, or other objects. For example, the soft CP is intended to provide a consistent signature for radar or other sensors for various test vehicles, which is substantially identical to a simulation of the subject. It is also advantageous if the Soft CP is inexpensive and reusable and can be provided with a minimum of time and effort.
Previous attempts to provide a suitable soft CP have been: a balloon-type vehicle model, an example of which is shown in Figure 13 (the "balloon vehicle"); an on-the-fly target object specifically specified by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), an example of which is shown in Figure 14 (the "NHTSA Rear End Car"), as well as a dampened cushion target, which is controlled by the Anthony Best Dynamics (ABD), an example of which is shown partly in section to show the internal structure shown in Figure 15 (the "ABD Auto"). All these constructions have their limitations. The balloon car can suffer damage including bursting when the collision occurs at higher speeds. In addition, the balloon car tends to aerodynamically flutter as it is moved through the air, which can confuse the sensors of the test vehicle. The NHTSA rear-end collision car can only be used to test rear-end collisions and, due to its relentless design, can cause minor damage to the test vehicle at higher speeds. The ABD car can not be driven through or run over because it has a large drive system 1505 in the center of the car, as shown in FIG. This relatively heavy ABD car has to be pushed out of the way during the collision, which exerts large forces on the test vehicle at high speeds and therefore can not be used for collisions over 50 km / h. In addition, previous Soft CP lacks the control and braking capabilities of vehicles that simulate it, thereby limiting the benefits of producing realistic data.
4.0 OVERVIEW 4.1 Guided Compliant Tag and Operating Method A guided, compliant target system (GST) and method are provided which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages as well as other disadvantages by providing a versatile test system and method which enables the evaluation of various Traffic accident prevention technologies serve. These systems and methods can be used to replicate pre-collision movements of a soft CP for a variety of collision scenarios while reducing physical risk while continuously providing detectability and signature to the radar and other sensors in the vehicle a simulation substantially identical to the object to be simulated can be maintained. The GST system according to various embodiments may include a compliant target vehicle, or a compliant target pedestrian, attached to a programmable self-propelled self-propelled dynamic motion element (DME) that operates wirelessly in conjunction with a computer network. The compliant vehicle and the compliant pedestrian are configured to provide a realistic representation of a soft CP for both the driver and the system being evaluated, and the DME serves as a transport that realizes the compliant vehicle in terms of the movement of the soft CP represents. As a fully self-guided vehicle, the GST can coordinate its movement with the test vehicle during the pre-collision phase so that the initial conditions for the collision phase can be replicated from run to run. At a distance in which the ACAT or the driver of the test vehicle begins to respond to the conflict, in certain embodiments, the GST may switch to a mode in which its speed and trajectory are no longer coordinated with the position of the test vehicle, but instead GST following a predetermined velocity / time / distance trajectory to a fixed collision point, or avoidance thereof when the GST arrives at the target collision point (for example, a change may be made in such one of the indices as the resulting relative velocity at a minimum distance "(RRVMD), a minimum distance (MD), etc.).
The developed vehicle or pedestrian in the GST system has versatile and robust characteristics, and allows the test engineers the flexibility and low test cycle times needed to develop and test ACATs. The GST system can, in principle, replicate any type of collision between the GST and the test vehicle, including rear-end collisions, head-on collisions, intersecting paths, side collisions, and collisions with pedestrians. The compliant vehicle or compliant pedestrian body may be configured in a variety of three-dimensional shapes and sizes that allow the ACAT designer or reviewer to evaluate the behavior of the system over a wide range of collision partners. These compliant collision partner bodies can be quickly reused and reassembled (typically within 10 minutes), and the self-propelled and self-propelled DME enclosed in a low profile, hard-skid casing can be quickly repositioned. to allow the test team to evaluate a large number of different, realistic scenarios with multiple repetitions.
The development of the test methodology, based on the GST system, enables the evaluation of a range of ACATs, which can represent a wide range of collision and pre-collision conflict scenarios, effectively exercising the various operating modes and operating conditions of the ACAT can. The ability to guide and drive the conflict partner through complex movement careers over the time of the collision not only enables assessment of accident prevention but also mitigation of the consequences of an accident, vehicle-to-vehicle assessment and vehicle infrastructure technology. In addition, the data collected by both the test vehicle and the GST in the course of such evaluation allows a detailed analysis of the system response and effectiveness, including effects of collision avoidance (ie, minimum distance) and the level of collision mitigation ( ie end velocity, contact points, relative motion path angle) when a collision occurs.
The inventors are unaware of any prior methods or test systems in which both the test vehicle and the collision partner are realistically enabled at relatively high speeds up to and through the collision point while minimizing the physical risk to test personnel and equipment. In addition, certain DME geometries, which both increase safety and minimize the observation of the DME by radar or other sensors, are new and unobvious. As confirmed by many researchers, the development of Advanced Accident Prevention Technologies (ACATs) with increased capabilities offers significant potential for future reduction of vehicle-related collisions, injuries and deaths. 4.1 Low Profile Dynamic Motion Elements [0008] Special geometries have been developed for the DME that minimize the risk of the DME flipping up and striking or otherwise damaging or interrupting the travel of a typical test vehicle during the collision of the test vehicle with the DME GST is caused while at the same time the visibility of the DME in the radar of the test vehicle or by other sensors is reduced. 4.2. Compliant Collision Partner System and Collision Method There is also provided a new and improved soft CP system and method that enables low cost and easy assembly of a structure that closely matches the occurrence and radar or other sensor signatures of parts from a motor vehicle, pedestrian or other object, while a safe and easily reusable target object for a high-speed test vehicle can be used to evaluate collision avoidance technology. Embodiments of soft CPs constructed, manufactured and assembled in accordance with the invention may survive relative impact speeds in excess of 110 km / h without damaging the soft CP or the test vehicle. The positive internal structure of the Soft CP provides sufficient self-supporting properties to make it aerodynamically stable and thus limit or even overcome aerodynamic flutter. The current soft CPs can easily be designed to well reproduce the object to be simulated from all directions, thus allowing the test vehicle to be hit from all angles. Instead of holding them together and moving them out of the way in one go, the Soft CPs reduce collision forces by making them separable into separate, lightweight and easily reassembled panels. The current soft CPs may be configured to be adapted for use on a low profile drive system that may be overridden by a test vehicle rather than being pushed out of the way of the test vehicle.
The present Soft CP, Soft CP System, and Soft CP methods may be used in conjunction with a GST system to detect the pre-collision movement of a person, vehicle, or other object in a wide variety of collision scenarios while at the same time reducing physical risk while simultaneously displaying a substantially identical object to be simulated by radar or other sensor signatures. The GST according to the present disclosure or other suitable GST systems may be used in conjunction with the present Soft CP, Soft CP System and Soft CP methods.
Other aspects of the invention are discussed herein as disclosed with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
5.0 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention is to be understood even better with reference to the following figures. The elements in the figures are not necessarily to scale, but more emphasis has been placed on a clear illustration of embodiments of the invention. In the figures, like reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views. It should be understood that certain elements and details are not illustrated in the figures to provide more clarity in the description of the invention.
Figure 1 shows a perspective top view of an embodiment of the DME according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 2 shows a perspective bottom view of an embodiment of the DME according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 3 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the DME according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 4 shows a left side view of the embodiment of the DME of Figure 1 according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 5 shows a rear view of the embodiment of the DME of Figure 1 according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 6A shows a front perspective view of a light passenger car GST according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 6B shows a rear perspective view of the light passenger car GST of Figure 6A according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 6C shows a rear perspective view of the light passenger car GST of Figure 6A, shown prior to collision by the test vehicle, according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 6D shows a rear perspective view of the light passenger car GST of Figure 6A, shown during the collision by the test vehicle, according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 7 shows a front perspective view of an example of a pedestrian according to various embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating certain elements of an example of a GST system architecture according to various embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a computer-controlled brake system of an example of a DME according to various embodiments of the invention.
Figure 10A shows a side view in cross-section of a breakaway antenna system according to various embodiments in the normal mounting position.
FIG. 10B shows a side view in a sectional view of the breakaway antenna system according to FIG. 10A during the breakaway process, for example during an impact.
Figure 11A shows a side view in section of a first engageable antenna system according to various embodiments in the normal, cantilevered position.
Figure 11B shows a side view in section of the first engageable antenna system according to Figure 11A in the engaged position, for example during an impact.
Figure 12A shows a side view in section of a second engageable antenna system according to various embodiments in the normal, cantilevered position.
FIG. 12B shows a side view in a sectional view of the engageable antenna system according to FIG. 12A, in the engaged position, for example during an impact from a first direction.
Figure 12C shows a side view in cross-section of the engageable antenna system of Figure 12A, in the engaged position, for example during an impact from a second direction.
Fig. 13 shows a side view of an example of a compliant collision partner "balloon car" according to the prior art.
Fig. 14 shows a rear perspective view of an example of a compliant collision partner "NHTSA Rear-Ending-Car" according to the prior art.
Fig. 15 shows a front perspective view of an example of a compliant collision partner "ABD-Auto" according to the prior art.
Figure 16 shows a perspective side view of one embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and corresponding system according to various embodiments with the outer skin removed from tissue and the soft CP mounted on a DME.
FIG. 17 shows a perspective side view of an embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and corresponding system according to various embodiments, wherein the outer skin is removed from tissue and the assembly to the DME is illustrated.
Figure 18 shows an exploded view of one embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system according to various embodiments, wherein the outer skin is removed from tissue.
FIG. 19 shows a perspective side view of a semi-assembled embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and corresponding system according to various embodiments, wherein the outer skin is removed from tissue and the soft CP is mounted on a DME.
Figure 20 is a perspective side view of a semi-assembled embodiment (although more assembled than in the illustration shown in Figure 19) for a compliant soft CP body and corresponding system according to various embodiments with the outer skin removed from tissue, and the Soft CP is mounted on a DME.
Figure 21 is a perspective side view of a semi-assembled embodiment (although more assembled than in the illustration shown in Figure 20) for a compliant soft CP body and corresponding system according to various embodiments with the outer skin removed from tissue, and the Soft CP is mounted on a DME.
Figure 22A shows a perspective side view of one embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in Figures 16-21, but fully retracted partially assembled with the outer skin of tissue.
Figure 22B shows a perspective side view of one embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and corresponding system as shown in Figures 16-21, but fully assembled and fully assembled with the outer skin of tissue.
Figure 23 shows a plan view of an embodiment of plates of an embodiment of a resilient soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in Figure 22, in addition to some dimensions for a particular embodiment.
FIG. 24 shows a plan view of an embodiment of plate number 0 and number 1 of an embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in FIG. 22A, in addition to some dimensions for a particular embodiment.
FIG. 25 shows a plan view of an embodiment of plates number 2 and number 3 of an embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in FIG. 22A, in addition to some dimensions for a particular embodiment.
Figure 26 shows a plan view of an embodiment of plates number 4 and number 5 of an embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in Figure 22A, in addition to some dimensions for a particular embodiment.
Figure 27 shows a plan view of an embodiment of plates number 6 and number 7 of an embodiment of a resilient soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in Figure 22A, in addition to some dimensions for a particular embodiment.
Figure 28 shows a plan view of an embodiment of plates of an embodiment of a resilient soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in Figure 22A, in addition to some dimensions for a particular embodiment.
Figure 29 shows a perspective side view of one embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in Figure 22A with plates as shown in Figures 16-22, in addition to some dimensions for a particular embodiment.
FIG. 30 shows an end view of a crossover point of an embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system according to a particular embodiment.
Figure 31 shows an end view of a crossing point of an embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system, wherein at the point of intersection a skin of tissue and a plate are separably interconnected, according to a particular embodiment.
Figure 32 shows a side view of one embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in Figure 22A, fully assembled and mounted on a DME for a particular embodiment, shown in use and shortly before a head-on collision with a test vehicle a particular embodiment.
FIG. 33 shows a side view of an embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in FIG. 22A, shown in use and during a head-on collision with a test vehicle according to a particular embodiment.
Figure 34 shows a side view of one embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in Figure 22A, shown in use and during a rear collision collision with a test vehicle according to a particular embodiment.
FIG. 35 shows a side view of an embodiment of a compliant soft CP body and a corresponding system as shown in FIG. 22A, shown in use and during a rear-end collision collision with a test vehicle according to a particular embodiment.
6.0 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following is a non-limiting description of embodiments illustrating various aspects of the invention. These embodiments enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the full scope of the invention without extensive experimentation. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that other modifications and adaptations may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is limited only by the claims. 6.1 Definitions The following abbreviations are used throughout the description: Advanced Traffic Accident Prevention Technologies (ACATs); guided, compliant target (GST); dynamic motion element (DME); Frontal collision early warning (FCW); Emergency braking system for upcoming collisions (CIBS); resilient collision partner (Soft CP); resulting relative velocity at a minimum distance (RRVMD); Minimum distance (MD); wireless local area network (WLAN); Navigation and control calculations (GNC); Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); Ground clearance (GC). 6.2 Examples of Dynamic Movement Elements The DME 100, examples of which are shown in Figures 1-5, is the centerpiece of the GST system. The DME 100 is a self-contained, autonomous, mobile high-speed platform for a compliant collision partner 600, and performs all guidance, navigation and control (GNC) calculations, and is also capable of being run over by a test vehicle 650 without damaging it or causing damage to the test vehicle 650.
Position measurements, which are primary measurements using a standard GNC calculation, are made using an on-board DPGS receiver. Other inputs to the GNC calculations may include the yaw rate and the heading angle as detected by an electronic compass.
The DME 100 may include a pair of brushless DC motors for driving, for example, the rear wheel or wheels 220, while controlling the front wheel or wheels 200 may be accomplished, for example, by a brushless DC position control servomechanism. By wheels 200, 220 is meant wheel assemblies containing the tire and other materials which are in contact with the ground.
The design of the DME 100 facilitates the assembly, placement, and protection of all systems and components, including, for example, the computer, sensors, actuators, batteries, and the power supply. The DME 100 may be predominantly made of aluminum, steel, or other suitable high strength material, and may have a multi-cell structure, a honeycomb structure, or a similar internal structure (not shown) that is incorporated into a reinforcing sheath. Referring to Figure 1, the DME 100 may include a front 75, a back 70, a left side 80 (which is the driver's side if the DME is a US automobile) and a right side 85 (which is the passenger's side if the DME is a US Automobile is). The outer reinforcing sheath has an upper surface 10, a bottom surface 20 (shown in FIG. 2), a front upper surface 40, a rear upper surface 30, a left side upper surface 50, and a timely top surface 60. Other or fewer surfaces may be provided in various other embodiments. As
As shown in Figure 2, wheels extend downwardly below the ground surface 20. According to an exemplary embodiment, the wheels may include one or more non-steered wheels and any or all of the wheels may be powered. According to one embodiment, which is discussed below, the rear wheels 220 (which may have two adjacent wheels) are driven and the front wheels 200 are steered, ie, at least a part is pivotable about a substantially vertical axis (ie, about an axis extending substantially perpendicular to the bottom surface 20). 6.3 Examples of Low Profile Dynamic Motion Elements As illustrated by the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the large dimension in the horizontal direction L, W, and the minor height H1, H2, of the DME 100 provide one flat design with the approach angles cd, a2, whereby the load in the horizontal direction is minimized when the DME is passed over by a test vehicle 650, as shown for example in Figure 6D. These dimensions also minimize the potential for contact between the test vehicle 650 (e.g., undercarriage or bumpers) with the structure of the DME 100, for example, by the DME 100 flipping up to strike the test vehicle 650 when the test vehicle 650 impacts the GST.
Referring to FIG. 3, to prevent "flip-up" of the DME 100 below the test vehicle 650, the dimension L may be optimally selected to be greater than or equal to the wheelbase of a typical test vehicle 650 (ie, the Distance from the centerline of the front axle to the centerline of the rear axle of the test vehicle 650). To minimize the effects that the DME 100 has on the radar or other sensor signatures of the GST, the dimension L may be selected to be less than the total length of the compliant element 600. According to a first embodiment, the dimension L may be chosen to be about 2000 mm plus or minus 300 mm, for example for use with smaller vehicles. According to a second embodiment, the dimension L may be about 2600 mm plus or minus 300 mm, for example for use with larger vehicles. According to a third embodiment, the dimension L of about 3200 mm plus or minus 300 mm can be selected, for example for use with long vehicles. According to a fourth embodiment, the dimension L of 4000 mm plus or minus 500 mm can be selected, for example, for use in connection with vehicles with a very long wheelbase such as for passenger cars, which are designed as a pick-up truck with a long cargo area ,
In addition, to prevent "flip-up" of the DME 100 below the test vehicle 650, the dimension W may be optimally selected to be greater than or equal to the gauge of a typical test vehicle 650 (ie, the distance from the test vehicle 650) Center line of the driver-side tires to the center lines of the passenger-side tires of the test vehicle 650). To minimize the effects that the DME 100 has on the radar or other sensor signatures of the GST, the dimension W may be chosen to be smaller than the total width of the compliant element 600. According to a first embodiment, the dimension W may be chosen to be about 1200 mm plus or minus 300 mm, for example for use with smaller vehicles. According to a second embodiment, the dimension W may be about 1800 mm plus or minus 300 mm, for example for use with larger vehicles. According to a third embodiment, the dimension W of about 2600 mm plus or minus 500 mm may be selected, for example, for use with large vehicles such as heavy duty trucks.
Other lengths or dimensions L and W may be used as long as they are coordinated with each other and the dimension H1 to result in angles cd and a2 which fall within appropriate ranges, as discussed below. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6A-6D where the test vehicle 650 is the newest
Model of the Honda Accord was chosen as dimension L about 2790 mm, as dimension W about 1520 mm, and as H2 was chosen about 100 mm (plus or minus 10 mm). The dimensions L and W may be selected to be smaller than in the first embodiment when the GST is a smaller object such as a pedestrian 700, such as according to the embodiment for the DME 100 'as shown in FIG. Finally, the dimensions L and W can be increased beyond the dimensions provided in the fourth embodiment to co-operate with even larger test vehicles 650.
Referring to Figures 4 and 5, H1 is the vertical dimension from the bottom 20 to the top surface 10 of the DME 100. H2 is the vertical dimension from the bottom 400 (Under the bottom 400 is to be understood the road surface or other surface which moves the DME 100) to the top surface 10 of the DME 100. To minimize disturbances to the driving of the test vehicle 650, H2 is preferably as small as possible. Minimizing H2 tends to prevent driver discomfort and potential accidents, and minimizes the likelihood of damage to the test vehicle 650 or instruments contained therein, deployment of the airbag, and / or the like. H2 is also preferably minimized for the purpose of reducing the likelihood that the DME 100 hits the bottom of the test vehicle 650 even if the DME 100 does not "flip up". Minimizing H2 requires minimization of both H1 and ground clearance (GC). The ground clearance or GC of the DME 100 is the vertical distance from the bottom 400 to the bottom 20 of the DME 100 and can be calculated by subtracting H1 from H2. The nominal ground clearance, which has been found acceptable, is a distance of about 12-15 mm, but at least 5 mm, but preferably not greater than 50 mm. In the embodiment described here, H1 was minimized to about 100 mm, plus or minus 10 mm. The use of other materials and smaller components can further minimize the height H1. Adding the typical ground clearance of about 12-19 mm to H1 of about 90-110 mm results in a total height H2 of about 100-130 mm plus minus a few millimeters.
Not only are H1 and H2 minimized to minimize obstruction of the drive of the test vehicle 650, but also to prevent contact of the DME 100 with the chassis of the test vehicle 650, and H1 and H2 are also selected to be in accordance with the dimensions L and W, so that the angles cd, a2 are minimized and fall into suitable areas. As shown in FIG. 4, the angle cd is the angle between the bottom 400 and the top, back surface 30 of the DME 100, or between the bottom 400 and the front top surface 40 of the DME 100, or both. In a common embodiment, the angle cd is the same for both the front upper surface and the rear upper surface 30, 40 of the DME 100, however, the angle cd between the front upper surface and the rear upper surface 30, 40 of the DME 100 differ when the top surfaces of the DME 100 are not symmetrical with respect to the central transverse axis, which central transverse axis extends in the vertical plane. As shown in FIG. 5, the angle a2 is the angle between the bottom 400 and the upper left side surface 50 of the DME 100, or between the bottom 400 and the upper right side surface 60 of the DME 100, or both. According to a common embodiment, the angle a2 is the same for both the left side surface and the right side surface 50, 60 of the DME 100, however, the angle a2 between the left side surface and the right side surface 50, 60 of the DME 100 and the upper surface of the DME 100 is not symmetrical about a longitudinally extending central axis extending in the vertical plane. It is important to note that while the upper surfaces 30, 40, 50 and 60, as formed as substantially flat panels, each have a plurality of panels, with some or all of the upper surfaces 30, 40, 50, and 60 also curved and therefore can not be flat, or partially curved and partially flat. While some or all of the surfaces 30, 40, 50 and 60 are curved and not flat, or partially curved and partially flat, the angles cd, a2 between the bottom surface may be the bottom 400 and the steep portion of each of the respective top surfaces 30 , 40, 50 and 60 are measured. For the purpose of this measurement, the steepness of the angle of curvature at any point can be measured by a tangent line on the curve at that point, i. the first derivative thereof, as known in the art.
Like H2, the angles a1, a2 are also minimized to minimize disturbance to the ride of the test vehicle and thus to allow the test vehicle 650 to travel as smoothly as possible over the DME. In the various embodiments, cd and a2 are both chosen to be between about 4 ° and 45 °. According to one embodiment, cd is chosen so that this angle is 4 °, while as a2 an angle of about 12 ° was chosen.
ACATs often use different types of radar or other sensors to locate obstacles in the path of the test vehicle 650 and alert the driver to select an evasive maneuver or perform other actions when the ACAT determines that the test vehicle is most likely will collide with this obstacle. Accordingly, the radar or other sensor systems are often designed so that they are not triggered by objects normally on the road surface, such as protruding manhole covers or panels, as used in road construction, or at least to distinguish between such objects, which are close to the road surface and larger objects, such as another vehicle. However, some ACAT systems can trigger an alarm or other type of response if they locate something on the road surface that is as big as a DME 100. For these reasons, it has been found that it is important to minimize the detectability of the DME 100 by radar or other sensors. To obtain accurate results for testing ACATs against GSTs that simulate objects such as vehicles, pedestrians, or other objects, it is helpful to be able to distort the radar or other sensor signatures of the simulated compliant vehicle, pedestrian, or other objects which are triggered by the presence of the DME 100. For this independent reason, it has been found that it is important to minimize the detectability of the DME 100 by radar or other sensors.
The geometry disclosed herein for the DME 100 has been found to be effective in minimizing the detectability of the DME by radar or other sensors. While all of this geometry disclosed above is useful for minimizing the detectability of the DME 100 by radar or other sensors, it has been found that the following properties, taken alone and in combination together, are particularly helpful in minimizing the detectability of the DME 100 Radar or other sensors are: H2 less than about 350 mm, and preferably not more than 300 mm; cd and a2 of not more than 45 °, and the dimensions L and W within the corresponding length and width of the compliant collision partner 600 (shown in Figs. 6A-6D) or other objects mounted on the DME, so Train GST. For example, dimensions L and W for a conventional compliant collision partner 600 may be 4880 mm for L and about 1830 mm for W. Other dimensions for L and W may be suitable for other GSTs, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art through a study of this disclosure.
The DME 100 may also include an engageable undercarriage so that the construction "squats" onto the road surface as it passes over the test vehicle 650. This creates a direct flow of force from the tires of the test vehicle 650 to the ground without passing through the wheels 200, 220 of the GST and through the corresponding suspension components. This can be done by the use of pneumatic actuators that just deploy enough force to extend the wheels 200, 220 downwardly and raise the DME 100 to its maximum ground clearance (H2 minus H1), for example, by about 1 cm. In these embodiments, the DME construction 100 may passively squat under the load of the tires of the test vehicle 650 without requiring dynamic actuation. 6.4 Examples of a Dynamic Movement Braking System and Method The DME assembly 100 may include front and / or rear brakes, such as disc brakes, to provide braking capability during a collision scenario or to stop the DME 100 after a collision , The brakes may be independently actuated by the DME 100 according to a preprogrammed trajectory or other conditions, or may be actuated by a test engineer through a wireless transmitter, for example, to apply emergency braking.
FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of a brake system 900, which is designed for use with a DME 100. The embodiment brake system 900 may be controlled by a computer 910, such as a GST computer, which may transmit independent brake control signals, such as a front brake command 912 and a rear brake command 914, according to certain embodiments In other embodiments, control commands may be sent to each brake individually for each wheel, or sent to a sub-combination of wheel brakes, or a single control command may be sent to all the wheel brakes simultaneously. The front brake and rear brake commands 912, 914 may in certain embodiments be actuated by front and rear brake servo mechanisms 920, 925, which in turn are mechanically actuated by mechanical actuators 922, 927 having front and rear master cylinders 930, 935 are connected. Front and rear master cylinders 930, 935 may be hydraulically and / or pneumatically connected to lines 932, 937 leading to brake actuators 940, 945, such as calipers. The brake actuators 940, 945 then actuate the brakes for the front and rear wheels 950, 955, such as disc brakes.
To increase safety, a redundant, parallel braking system may be provided which may be, for example, a remote brake control system 960 which, upon activation, sends an independent brake control signal to the brake servo mechanism, such as to the FIG independent brake servo 965. The independent brake servo 965 may be mechanically connected to one or more mechanical actuators 967 to the rear master cylinder 935 to brake the rear wheels 950. It is understood that this is only one embodiment of an architecture for a redundant, parallel braking system. For example, according to other embodiments for a remote brake control system 960, brake control commands may be sent to any or all of the brake servo mechanisms.
According to various embodiments, each wheel 950, 955 of the DME 100 may be provided with its own brake disk and caliper 940, 945. The brake system may include separate rear hydraulic master cylinders 935 that are independent of the front master cylinders 930 of the front brake system or may use the same master cylinder having one or more hydraulic fluid reservoirs each having different hydraulic lines 932, 937 are assigned, as is the case for example in a conventional passenger car. Each master cylinder 930, 935 can be operated independently by its own electric power steering 920, 925. The front and / or rear brakes may be controlled by a computer 910, controlled manually, or remotely controlled by a remote brake signal control system 960. In certain embodiments, the brake disks for the non-driven wheels are connected to the wheel hubs of the non-driven wheels, while the driven wheels brake disks may be connected to a drive train, such as a belt driven by a motor (not shown) Transfer braking force to the rear wheels by means of the drive train, such as by means of a belt drive.
Typically, all brakes can be automatically actuated by a computer 910 when the connection with the control station 850 is lost. Automatic activation of the brakes after a break in the connection increases safety as well as redundant brake systems. The brake servomechanisms may also be designed for normal operation, so that they automatically actuate the brakes when the electrical supply is lost. In addition, speed sensors, closed-loop control, and processors may be provided to provide additional functions such as antilock brake systems, stability controls, and the like. Stability controls may be, for example, a computerized technology that increases the stability of the DME by detecting and reducing excessive yaw motion by affecting the brakes and / or traction forces. If stability control systems detect excessive yaw, they may automatically apply the brakes to the various wheels to reduce excessive yaw, thereby helping steer the vehicle along its intended trajectory. Braking can be done individually automatically for the wheels so that the outer front wheels can counteract oversteer or the inner rear wheels can counteract understeer. Stability control systems can also reduce the drive forces until normal control returns.
The combination of some or all of these features provides improved and durable braking capability limited only by bottom friction with the tires and thus allows the DME 100 to replicate the vehicle movements of a real vehicle as well as provide different delays. The DME 100 is arranged to coordinate the movement relative to a test vehicle, requiring that the DME be able to follow an accurate velocity profile of the collision partner (including decelerations and cornering). A computer-controlled braking force between the front and rear brakes or between any and all brakes allows the use of potential braking power and braking control. Computer controlled, adjustable braking force also eliminates the need for mechanical braking force distribution mechanisms, such as by drawbars, to control the braking force. It also allows the braking force to be adjusted automatically and in real time due to the condition of the DME, for example, due to changing maneuvers, different weights and sizes of soft CP bodies, changing road surface conditions, wind, and the like. 6.5 Example of a Breakaway Antenna System The DME 100 may have various antennas such that the test vehicle 650, the base station 850, and / or other elements may communicate with the DME 100. However, if the body of the compliant soft car 600 is placed on the DME, that resilient collision partner may obscure one or more antennas on the DME 100, reduce the area of effect of the antennas or render the antennas completely inoperative. In addition, antennas mounted on and protruding from the DME 100 may break when the DME 100 is hit or overrun by a test vehicle 650. As shown in Figures 10A and 10B, an embodiment of a breakaway antenna system 1000 is shown, which takes into account all the aforementioned problems. According to various embodiments of the antenna system 1000, one or more antennas 1010 may be attached to and / or protrude from the exterior 1060 of the compliant collision partner body 600 such that the base station and / or other elements communicate with the DME 100 via the antennas 1010 can. The one or more antennas 1010 may include outer break-away connectors 1020 proximate the body 1060 and are provided with two detachable connectors 1022, 1024 connecting the antenna 1010 to an outer antenna wire 1026. The outer antenna wire 1026 may be connected to the inner break-away connector proximate the outer surface 1050 of the DME 100 and may include two releasable connectors 1032, 1034 connecting an outer antenna wire 1026 to an inner antenna wire 1036. To the connector 1034 and the wire 1036 for the
In order to protect the DME 100 from being run over by the test vehicle 650, the connector 1034 and the wire 1036 may be provided with a cup-shaped recess or similar structure 1040 below the outer surface 1050 of the exterior of the DME 100. The connector 1034 and the wire 1036 may also be somewhat slack and thus provide margin within the cup-shaped recess 1040 to allow for secure release of the connection created by the connectors 1032, 1034 during impact as shown in Figure 10B.
FIG. 10B shows an example of an antenna system 1000 after an impact 1000 'when a compliant collision partner 600 has been torn away from the DME 100 due to the impact of a test vehicle 650. In this embodiment, the outer antenna wires 1026 and the inner antenna wires 1036 are pulled taut when the exterior 1060 of the body of the compliant collision partner 600 has been torn away from the DME 100 by the impact of the test vehicle 650. The resulting tensile forces acting on the wires 1026, 1036 are sufficient to release them (although in some circumstances only the connectors 1022, 1024 or the connectors 1032, 1034 may be released). The somewhat slack and thus margin-providing configuration of the wires 1026, 1036 allows the releasable connectors 1032, 1034 to be aligned substantially in line with the wire 1026 before tensile forces are applied to the connectors 1032, 1034, thus providing the likelihood of a successful solution the connection increases and the likelihood of damage to the connectors 1032, 1034 is reduced. The connector 1034 and inner wire 1036 remain within the recess 1040 below the outer surface 1050 of the DME 100, and are thus securely stored against damage by the test vehicle 650. The antennas 1010 and other elements are typically removed from the body of the compliant collision partner 600 and may be reused by reconnecting the connectors 1022, 1024, and 1032, 1034.
Any type of detachable radiofrequency connectors may be used as connectors 1022, 1024 and 1032, 1034, preferably those designed for reuse. A suitable connector can be made by removing the bayonet lock of a standard BNC connector. According to embodiments, the connectors 1024, 1034 may be manufactured from either a BNC plug or a TNC plug by removing the locking device. The connectors 1022, 1032 can then be plugged into the connectors 1024, 1034 and remain engaged under normal conditions of use, but can easily be pulled out during an impact. The connectors 1020, 1030 withstand tensile forces of at least 0.1 pounds and remain connected under these forces, and release the connection only when the tensile forces exceed 0.5 pounds. Standard connectors may be further modified to remove the outer edges thereof so that they do not interfere with adjacent surfaces during impact. This can be achieved either by a chamfered edge consisting of a material of low coefficient of friction, or by redesigning the connector housing. In any event, communication between the DME 100 and the test vehicle, and / or the base station 850 is reliably ensured by the antennas 1010, which however also have the ability to disconnect by impact of a test vehicle 650. The use of removable connectors thus increases reliability and reusability. 6.6 Example of an Engraved Antenna System Certain types of antennas are better protected from impact by a test vehicle 650 by being engaged in the body of the DME 100 rather than being released as illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B. For example, GPS antennas are usually quite large and heavy, and it is therefore problematic to remove them from the DME 100 in an impact. Therefore, various types of engageable antenna systems 1100, 1200 have been provided, as shown in Figs. 11A through 12C.
With reference to Figures 11A and 11B, an embodiment of an engageable antenna system 1100 is provided which shows an antenna 1110, such as a GPS antenna, which is engageable with the internal structure 1140 of the DME. In certain embodiments, the transmission of GPS data is the main signal used to guide, navigate, and control the DME 100 and coordinate its movement with the test vehicle 650. For example, the GPS antenna 1110 may be mounted on an engageable member 1120 For example, on the top surface 1122 of an engageable member 1120 such that at least a portion of the GPS antenna 1110 projects beyond the adjacent exterior surface 1142 of the structure 1140 of the DME to facilitate communication with the antenna 1110. The upper surface 1122 of the engageable member 1120 may be engageably biased against the structure 1140 of the DME by one or more springs 1130 connected to the structure 1140 of the DME such that in the event of a forward force applied to the GPS Antenna 1110 acts when a test vehicle 650 passes over the DME 100, the spring 1130 is compressed, and the GPS antenna 1110 and engageable member 1120 are at least partially engaged beneath the outer surface 1142 of the structure 1140 of the DME, as shown, for example, in FIG. 11B is. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B, a torsion spring 1130 is provided on one side of the GPS antenna 1110 and the engageable member 1120 such that the GPS antenna 1110 and the engageable member 1120 pivot about the spring 1130 relative to the DME structure 1140 , When the downward force is removed from the GPS antenna 1110, the spring 1130 biased against the engageable member 1120 pushes the engageable member 1120 and the antenna 1110 back to their original position, as shown in FIG. 11A. until the upper surface 1122 of the engageable member 1120 re-engages the structure 1140 of the DME so that at least a portion of the antenna 1110 projects beyond the adjacent outer surface 1142 of the structure 1140 of the DME so as to communicate with the antenna 1110 to enable.
Another embodiment of an engageable antenna system 1200 is shown in FIGS. 12A to 12C. Like the engageable antenna system 1100, the engageable antenna system 1200 includes an antenna 1110, such as a GPS antenna, which is removably mounted to a structure 1140 of the DME. In contrast to the engageable antenna system 1100, the engageable antenna system 1200 is further provided with a GPS antenna 1110 which is provided with a multi-pivoting arrangement for engageable elements 1220, 1225. For example, the engageable member 1220 may be resiliently biased against the structure 1140 of the DME by one or more springs 1230 connected to the structure 1140 of the DME, such that in the event of a downward force being applied to the GPS antenna 1110 in the event of a test vehicle 650 passing over the DME 100, the spring 1230 is compressed and the GPS antenna 1110 and the engageable member 1220 at least partially under the outer surface 1142 of the structure 1140 of the DME, as shown for example in Figure 12B. In addition, the engageable member 1225 may be resiliently biased against the engageable member 1220 by one or more springs 1235 connected to the engageable member 1220 such that in the event of a downward force applied to the GPS antenna 1110 due to a force Passing the DME 100 through a test vehicle 650, the spring 1235 is compressed and the GPS antenna 1110 and the engageable member 1225 are at least partially engaged under the outer surface 1142 of the structure 1140 of the DME, as shown for example in FIG. 12C. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 12A-12C, on either side of the GPS antenna 1110 and the engageable elements 1220, 1225, one of the springs 1230, 1235 is mounted such that the GPS antenna 1110 and the engageable member 1225 rotate about the spring 1230 relative to pivot the structure 1140 of the DME and pivot the GPS antenna 1110 and the engageable member 1225 about the spring 1235 relative to the structure 1140 of the DME. When the GPS antenna 1110 is relieved of the downward force, the springs 1230, 1235 biased against the engageable members 1220, 1225 push the engageable members 1220, 1225 and antenna 1110 back toward their home position, as in FIG. 12A until the upper surface of the engageable member 1220 again engages the structure 1140 of the DME and again engages the upper surface of the engageable member 1225 with the engageable member 1220 such that at least a portion of the antenna 1110 overlies the adjacent one outer surface 1142 of the structure 1140 of the DME protrudes to allow communication with the antenna 1110. This design allows engagement in the DME 100 in two directions and therefore has the advantage of minimizing damage to the antenna 1110 due to either forward or reverse impact.
In accordance with other embodiments, any other type of spring or similar mechanism may be provided to push the engageable antenna 1110 into engagement over the adjacent outer surface 1142 of the structure 1140 of the DME to facilitate communication with the antenna 1110. and deflected downwardly when impacted to reduce a large load which would otherwise be imposed by the antenna 1110 or the antenna mounting mechanism when the antenna was securely mounted over the upper surface 1142 on the DME 100 ,
By limiting the forces acting on the antenna 1110, the present design protects the antenna 1110 from damage and eliminates the need for a breakaway connector for GPS antennas or other types of antennas. In the case of a GPS antenna, this increases the reliable transmission of the signal and thus generates a more robust and uninterrupted signal. 6.7 Example of Compliant Collision Partner and Related Systems and Methods The compliant chassis of the soft CPs 600 is removably mounted on top of the DME 100 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6D and constructed to potentially damage the chassis of the test vehicle 650 is avoided when it impinges on the body of the compliant collision partner 600. The compliant collision partner 600 may be constructed to replicate a variety of different three-dimensional shapes and sizes of different objects, such as a light passenger car. It can be made entirely by compliant "soft" material such as polyethylene foam in conjunction with hook and loop fasteners and compliant epoxy resin. The sheets are usually soft and flexible, may be made of a single or multiple evenly distributed materials, and have an average hardness which does not exceed 100 Shore OO. For example, the plates of the body of the compliant collision partner 600 and the inner structure may be made entirely of lightweight, flexible and durable polyethylene foam, and may be joined together and to the upper surface of the DME 100 by hook-and-loop fasteners or other similarly functioning and re-closable fastener materials , such as with a 3M Dual Lock (3M trademark) retastenable fastener material. This minimizes the risk of fracturing or rupturing the individual panels and also allows for quick reinstallation after a collision with a test vehicle 650. The internal structure of the soft CP 600 may be composed of transverse walls connected together to form a frame to represent an outer panel. These transverse walls can provide sufficient structural stability for the chassis to withstand higher speed and aerodynamic load, but the transverse walls are still light and flexible relative to the test vehicle 650, thereby minimizing the load imposed by the test vehicle 650 is applied to the outer panels in the event of a collision. Unlike a soft CP 600, as shown in FIGS. 6A-6D, any other shape may be connected to the DME 100 to form a GST, such as the shape of a pedestrian 700, as shown in FIG.
Examples of methods demonstrating the use of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 21 to 31 are shown in Figures 16-35. The present soft CPs may be removably mounted on a DME 100 and are designed to minimize potential damage to the exterior surface of a test vehicle 650 due to a collision with the soft CP, for example, due to the use of a soft car chassis such as this Figures 16-35. The body of the soft car may be configured to replicate the three-dimensional shape and size of various objects, such as a light passenger car. It may be made entirely of "soft" materials, such as polyethylene foam, in conjunction with hook and loop fasteners and compliant epoxy resin. For example, the plates of the body of the compliant collision partner 600 and the inner structure may be made entirely of lightweight, flexible and durable polyethylene foam, and may be connected to each other as well as to the upper surface of the DME 100 by hook and loop fasteners or other similarly functioning and re-closable fastening materials be. This minimizes the risk of breaking or rupturing the individual panels and also allows for quick, reassembly following a collision with a vehicle (test vehicle), as illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 33 and 35. The internal structure of the soft CP may consist of transverse walls which are interconnected to provide a framework for an outer panel or fabric. These transverse walls are designed to provide sufficient structural stability for the outer panels at high speed and hence high aerodynamic load, but are preferably lightweight and relatively flexible compared to the test vehicle, thereby minimizing the forces produced by a collision with the test vehicle , which act on the chassis of the test vehicle.
Examples of interconnectable structural elements 3000, 3100 are shown in FIGS. 30 and 31. Referring to Figure 30, a soft CP is composed of a plurality of plates 3010, 3020, which in turn are covered by a fabric 3030 where the plates 3010, 3020 are made of polyethylene foam or other comparatively strong and stiff but still soft and slightly yielding materials. which may be at least partially enveloped and enclosed by one or more fabric covers 3030. Woven sheaths 3030 may be made of any suitable material, such as canvas, and have resistance to abrasion and surface strength that will survive impact with a test vehicle, and may have Velcro or similar removable fastening material bonding surfaces 3040, and may have surfaces which carry printed images and / or have fasteners for radar or other surface-sensitive materials. Cloth wraps 3030 may have one or more portions or "tabs" 3045 which serve to overlap or be removably connected to adjacent panels 3010, such as by hook-and-loop fasteners, or any other type of re-closable fastener materials as shown in FIG 30 is shown. According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 30, the plates include one or more inner transverse wall plates 3020 which are enveloped and secured to a plurality of foam containing tissue sheaths 3020. According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 31, the tissue-covered foam wrapper is replaced by tissue material or "skins" 3110.
Figures 23 to 28 show an example of a plurality of plates which may be assembled together as shown in Figure 29 to produce an embodiment of a soft CP as shown in Figures 16-22B. Each of the example plates, as shown in Figs. 23-28, may be covered by outer panels or tissue skins, and use connection systems as described above with respect to Figs. 30 and 31.
Referring to Figure 18, all plates (numbers 0 to 7) as shown in Figures 23-29 are shown in an exploded view to illustrate the mounting of the plates. As also shown in FIG. 18, two longitudinally extending longitudinal walls 1805 are shown, which are vertically on top of the DME 100 or other
Can be placed on an adjacent, intended structure. Figures 19 to 22B demonstrate the installation of the Soft CP. As shown in Figure 19, one or more of the transversely extending transverse walls are placed above on the DME 100 or on some other desired assembly and may be releasably connected to the longitudinally extending longitudinal walls 1805 so as to provide a framework for one form self-supporting arrangement of high rigidity, as shown in Figures 20. Figure 21 illustrates the addition of additional panels which serve to define the outer profile of the soft CP by connecting these releasably interconnected additional panels to the longitudinally extending and / or transversely extending longitudinal walls. Then, as shown in Fig. 22A, a tissue wrap or a tissue-covered foam skin is placed on and detachably connected to the outer profile of the above-described plates. In Figure 22B, the fabric outer skin or the skin-wrapped foam is completely installed and covers the inner panel framework. All of the releasable connections may be constructed as shown in Figures 30 and / or 31, or may be of any other design that allows the plates and tissue to be separated from each other when a collision occurs through the test vehicle, and then can be easily assembled again, as shown in Figures 19 to 22B.
Figures 32 to 35 show the embodiment according to the figures 16 to 29 during use. Referring to FIG. 32, a test vehicle 650 approaches from left to right, while the embodiment for the soft CP 600 mounted on a DME 100 approaches from right to left. The test vehicle 650 and the soft CP 600 are approaching for frontal collision vehicle front to vehicle front. Figure 33 shows what happens next: The front of the test vehicle 650 collides with the front of the embodiment of the soft CP 600, and various panels of the soft CP 600 separate from each other, thereby placing at least a portion of the test vehicle into at least a portion of the soft CP 600 into it, in this example directly over the top of at least a portion of the DME 100.
Referring to Figure 34, a test vehicle 650 approaches from right to left, while the embodiment for the soft CP 600 mounted on top of a DME also approaches from right to left, but at a slower speed than the test vehicle or vehicle stops completely. The test vehicle 650 and the soft CP 600 therefore approach one another for a collision front-to-rear of the vehicle. FIG. 35 shows what happens next: the vehicle front of the test vehicle 650 collides with the rear of the embodiment for a soft CP 600, and various plates of the soft CP 600 separate from each other, thereby allowing at least a portion of the test vehicle to be straight through moves a portion of the soft CP 600, and as shown in this embodiment, drives directly over the top of at least a portion of the DME 100.
This new and improved soft CP, system and method provides a cost effective and easy to assemble construction capable of realistically embodying the solid appearance and radar signature or signature of items such as a motor vehicle, a pedestrian, intended for other sensors or replicate from other objects, while providing a safe and easily reusable collision target for high speed test vehicles to evaluate collision avoidance technologies. Soft CPs fabricated and assembled as per the invention can withstand impact as shown in Figures 33 and 35 at relatively high speeds in excess of 110 km / h without damaging the test vehicle 650. The form-fitting internal structure of the soft CP, as shown in Figures 33 and 35, provides sufficient self-supporting properties to aerodynamically stabilize the soft CP and thus limit or eliminate aerodynamic flutter. The present soft CP can be easily fabricated to replicate well the simulated objects from all directions, thus allowing the test vehicle 650 to approach from all angles while capturing accurate data. The soft CPs can be calibrated for radar signature or other sensor signatures to simulate actual vehicles or pedestrians. Instead of remaining in one piece that must be pushed out of the way as a whole, the present soft CP can reduce the impact force by separating it into separate pieces, these items being of light weight and easily assemblable panels as well is shown in Figures 18-21. The present soft CP may be adapted for use on a low profile drive system that may be overridden by a test vehicle 650, as illustrated in FIGS. 33 and 35, rather than being forced out of the way of the test vehicle 650. After an impact, as shown for example in FIGS. 33 and 35, the plates can be assembled quickly and easily again as shown in FIGS. 18 to 21.
Instead of a soft-car, as shown in Figs. 16-35, any other shape may be mounted on a DME 100 to form a GST, such as the Soft CP Form, which replicates a pedestrian, or a soft CP that replicates any other form. 6.8 Examples of System Architecture and System Functions GST systems according to various embodiments may include, for example, a plurality of computers communicating with a wireless local area network (WLAN), for example, and performing various functions. Figure 8 shows an overview of the general architectural layout for an example of a GST system 800 having the following interfaces with associated peripheral equipment, for example: a test vehicle 650; a base station 850; and a DME 100.
The computer associated with the test vehicle 650 may provide various input / output functions within the test vehicle 650, and provide the measurement data to the rest of the system. Additionally, the test vehicle computer may control individual events within the test vehicle 650. The interface of the test vehicle 650 may include the following elements, for example: a notebook computer; a receiver of a differential global positioning system; a triaxial accelerometer; a digital input / output board to monitor and control individual events (eg, an ACAT on / off warning, illuminate LEDs, brake control, audible alerts); and a wireless LAN connection bridge.
The base station 850 may serve as a central link for all communications and allow the operator to monitor and control the system. The base station 850 may include the following elements, for example: a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) base station receiver; a notebook computer; a joystick; a wireless LAN router; a radio frequency transmitter to provide emergency braking capability.
The computer connected to the base station 850 may allow the system operator to perform a complete set of tests from a single location. From the computer associated with the base station 850, the operator may perform the following functions, such as: setting up and configuring the test vehicle 650 and the GST computer by means of a remote connection; Monitoring the test vehicle 650 and GST position, speed, system stability information, and other system information; Setting up the test configuration; Test coordination; Data analysis after tests have been carried out; and selection of GST operating modes, such as wait mode, manual mode, semi-automatic mode, and fully automatic mode.
The GPRS receiver in the base station 850 may send corrections to the moving DGPS receivers provided in both the DME 100 and the test vehicle 650 and may transmit these corrections via a WLAN network or via another network. This can be done without the use of a separate DGPS Radio Frequency
Modems occur, thereby minimizing the number of antennas for each interface of the system. This may be particularly important in the case of a DME 100 because all connections to the antennas are typically made interruptible so that they can be disconnected from the DME 100 in a collision with the test vehicle 650.
Examples of a DME 100 subsystem may include the following elements, including, for example: a wireless LAN connection bridge; a PC104 computer, a yaw rate sensor; an electronic compass; two brushless DC motors and amplifiers; a brushless DC control motor and amplifier; a braking system; a radio frequency emergency brake system; a DGPS receiver; a DME computer, such as a PC104 computer, that can perform, for example, the following functions: guidance, navigation and control (GNC) calculations; analog and digital data input and data output; Inputs, including GPS information from a Global Differential Positioning System; electronic compass (heading angle); Yaw rate; Drive motor speed; Steering angle; Temperature of the drive motor amplifier; Drive motor winding temperature; and outputs including: drive motor torque command; Control signals to the steering motor for adjusting the steering angle; Braking commands; System stability monitoring; and collecting data. Other or less elemental systems may be used in different embodiments. 6.9 Multi-Frequency Data Transfer As shown in the embodiment for a network and system of FIG. 8, two or more communication systems are located between the DME 100 and the operator station 850. According to one embodiment, a first system may be used, for example, provided with a 900 MHz, 1 W wireless local area network LAN, which can perform critical real-time data transfer between the test vehicle 650 and the DME 100 over long ranges. For example, a second communication system may include, for example, a 2.4 GHz (802.11 b / g), 500 mW wireless local high speed network for a large number of data to be transferred, and setup / configuration data for the DME 100 over a short range the start of the tests. Other communication systems may be provided, such as radio frequency systems to remotely control control signals. Increasing the transmission power further increases the communication range. For example, in embodiments as shown in Figure 8, the communication range across the system may be about 1 km, whereas in typical prior art systems, the connection is already breaking at about 250 meters.
It is critical that the data packets are not lost during the tests in order to maintain coordination between the DME 100 and the test vehicle 650. Separating critical and non-critical data into two separate communication systems increases the reliability and performance of the system for transmitting critical data, thereby reducing the loss of data packets. Separating the data into multiple separate communication systems also allows the system to avoid those frequencies that are at a higher risk of interference interference. For example, interferences were detected in a 2.4 GHz data transmission and the GPS antenna system. The use of 900 MHz for the transmission of critical real-time data eliminates this problem for the test history.
Certain frequencies are better suited for certain tasks. For example, the 900 MHz frequency is best used for relatively low speed but long range data transmission. This data transfer typically involves data needed during the test, which data must be received in real-time and accordingly must be received in real-time for control or switching of the operating mode. For example, the synchronization of the position of the test vehicle may be accomplished by a 900 MHz real time synchronization of the DME 100 with the position of the test vehicle 650. The ACAT state may also be communicated over a frequency of 900 MHz to trigger an end of the synchronization mode so that the DME 100 will not respond to changes in the trajectory of the test vehicle 650 triggered by the ACAT response. Base station commands may also be transmitted over 900 MHz to change the operating state of the DME 100, for example, to switch from the drive mode to the wait mode. Triggers for the test vehicle may also be transmitted over 900 MHz frequency to achieve data synchronization between the DME 100 and the test vehicle 650, as well as with all additional data storage elements. In addition, the DME position and operational status can be communicated to the operator of the system 800 via a 900 MHz frequency so that the operator can monitor the operation of the DME 100 in real time. It will be understood that similar functioning frequencies may be used for the foregoing or similar objects without departing from embodiments of the invention.
In contrast, a frequency of 2.4 GHz is better suited to provide a high data transmission speed over a short range, for example, to make the potentially very large data transfer, which takes place before or after a test run. Sending such an amount of data over a slower network would take much longer, up to hours. Accordingly, initialization data may be transmitted at 2.4 GHz, thus communicating the parameters for the initialization data file and the trajectory data file, which define the test run and operation parameters for the DME 100, but do not change during operation , Similarly, log-in data at a frequency of 2.4 GHz can be remotely transmitted to remotely log into the DME 100's computer to start the necessary software in the startup phase. The transmission of recorded data may also suitably occur over a frequency of 2.4GHz to transmit large data files recorded on the DME 100's computer. The transmission of such files usually takes place after completion of one or more tests. Although the frequency of 2.4 GHz has been described as an example frequency, it is understood that similarly functioning frequencies may be used for the aforementioned or similar tasks without departing from embodiments of the invention.
6.10 Procedure for operating the GST
Prior to testing, the time and location determined trajectories are generated for the test vehicle 650 and the GST (eg, compliant collision partners 600, 700, which may be mounted on a DME 100). These trajectories are based on physics and can either represent a hypothetical collision course or reconstruct a collision course occurring in the actual world. Trajectories may be determined to result in any type of collision between the test vehicle and the GST, and may include variations in speed and in the curve for the test vehicle 650 and the GST. The spatial trajectories may be stored in data files containing the speeds of the test vehicle 650 and the GST along their respective trajectories, as well as representing discrete events depending on the scenario. These individual events (eg, the point at which braking occurs) may be used to control the timing of these events for the test vehicle at certain, known points along the trajectory of the test vehicle 650. These may be used to directly control the brake, light LEDs, or generate audible alerts within the test vehicle 650.
According to the different embodiments of the GST system 800, for example, four different operating modes may be provided: stand-by standby, manual mode of operation; semi-automatic operating mode; and fully automatic operating mode. The standby-standby mode of operation is the idle mode of the GST system. In this mode of operation, the output signals to the steering and drive motors may be zeroed, but the GUI of the base station 850 may display data from the GST and sensors of the test vehicle 650. Once the GST is switched to this mode of operation from one of the "active" modes of operation (eg, from the manual, semi-automatic, or fully automatic mode of operation), data recorded during the active mode of operation is wirelessly transmitted to the computer for further evaluation is connected to the base station 850.
The manual mode of operation may be completely handled by a human hand-controlled joystick associated with the base station 850. In this mode of operation, the operator can remotely control the speed and steering of the GST. This mode of operation may be useful for pre-positioning the GST or returning to the base for charging the batteries, routine service, or shutting down the system.
In the semi-automatic mode of operation, it is possible for the operator to control the speed of the GST from the base station 850 while the trajectory can be automatically controlled. This can be particularly helpful for pre-positioning the GST before a test run, because the GST starts from a starting point on the test surface, and from there searches for the desired trajectory and restricts it to this trajectory. A trajectory following GNC algorithm may allow to set a reverse mode, allowing the operator to recirculate the GST in reverse along the trajectory for rapid repetition of tests.
The fully automatic mode requires no further input from the base station 850. In this mode of operation, the test vehicle 650 may be driven along the trajectory for the test vehicle 650, and the GST computes the speed and input data into the steering required. to move along its own path in coordination with the test vehicle 650, as determined by the preprogrammed trajectory pair. In this way, the longitudinal trajectory position along the trajectory for the GST can be determined from the position along the trajectory of the test vehicle 650 so that the GST arrives at a predetermined collision point at the same time as the test vehicle 650, and thereby can Also compensate for errors in the speed of the test vehicle 650 (relative to the speed as provided in the trajectory file) by adjusting the own speed of the GST. As another option, the test engineer may select a sub-operating mode when the drive of the test vehicle 650 or the ACAT system is responsive to impending collisions, whereupon the control commands for the GST are switched to a speed included in the trajectory. so that it does not depend on the speed of the test vehicle 650 any further. Switching to this sub-mode of operation may occur automatically (within one test run) if the acceleration of the test vehicle 650 exceeds a predetermined threshold (eg, 0.3 G) or if the test vehicle's ACAT system is activated, due to a particular signal from a sensor can be determined. In this way, the GST may pass through an otherwise provided collision point at a speed prescribed in the trajectory regardless of the position or speed of the test vehicle 650.
11.6. Test run with a GST
During the setup phase for a test to be performed, the paired time-space trajectories may be wirelessly loaded from the on-board processor of the DME 100 from the base station 850, and the GST may be switched to a fully automatic mode of operation. When the test vehicle 650 begins to move along its trajectory, its position (which is measured by a differential GPS) may be wirelessly transmitted by the processor of the DME 100, which processor may be programmed to provide feedback control for lateral movement and longitudinal movement. According to a particular test run, this may result in a collision between the test vehicle 650 and the GST, as shown in Figure 6D, in which case the GST may be halted by a radio frequency transmitter independent of the wireless local area network WLAN actuates the on-board brakes of the GST and shuts off the traction motors. The test data may be automatically sent from the DME 100 wirelessly to the computer associated with the base station 850 as soon as the operator switches from the fully automatic mode of operation to the waiting mode of operation. The compliant collision partner 600 may then be reassembled on the DME 100, which may be accomplished by two operators, typically within 10 minutes, and the GST may then be repositioned for re-testing.
The GST may have high efficiency components of high efficiency, which allow to achieve relatively high speeds and high accuracy for movement along the GST trajectory, both in the lateral and longitudinal directions. Brushless DC motors can efficiently deliver small-size performance, and the differential GPS receiver provides high position accuracy. The GNC algorithm can take advantage of the sensors and actuators as resources to maximize the utility of the test procedures. 6.12 Results A complete list of the performance specification of the GST according to one embodiment is shown in Tab. 1 below.
Table 1. Example of GST performance specification
Specification value
Differential GPS position accuracy 1 cm (depending on
Differential GPS receiver) DME Waypoint accuracy sideways: 300 mm in the longitudinal direction: 300 mm DME maximum speed (alone) 80 km / h DME + Soft Car maximum speed> 50 km / h (tested) maximum relative speed in collision 110 km / h (tested )
Acceleration in the longitudinal direction +0.3 g
Longitudinal braking (braking) -0,6 g
Outer acceleration ± 0.3 g
Range per battery charge 4 km at 40 km / h (theoretical)
Remote control range 0.51 km
Traction motors performance specification 2 brushless
DC motors with a peak power of 30 kW and a continuous power of 6 kW
Busbar voltage 200 V DC
Turning circle <3 m
Visual distance with soft car (daylight)> 0.5 km
Battery charging time 30-40 minutes (for full
Charging discharged batteries
Soft Car Reassembly Time 10 minutes The System 800 is a fully functional and proven system for assessing ACATs over the entire time span from a pre-conflict phase through a conflict phase to a collision. Turning on the time-to-collision ACAT to be evaluated allows the GST 800 to be evaluated by the ACAT to mitigate collision consequences in a manner that does not actually collision. In addition, the DME 100 allows an assessment of ACATs in conflict scenarios where the Soft CP is not static. The real-size replicating compliant collision partner 600 allows for evaluation of ACATs for each traffic accident configuration without having to provide special compliant collision partners 600 for each configuration (eg compliant collision partners specifically tailored to rear-end collisions).
In one embodiment, the GST system 800 has been used to evaluate a prototype of a traffic accident mitigation technology brake system (ACATs). The system 800 may be configured such that the driver receives a warning in the event of a probable collision, and the consequences of the collision are alleviated by the automatic activation of the brakes at the time of imminent collisions. The test matrix for this evaluation consists of 33 different collision scenarios, which include four different types of collisions, and are performed both with activated ACAT and without activated ACAT. The different types of collisions were: pedestrians; rear-end collision; Head-on collision; Side collision on intersecting paths. Over the course of the test, the GST was struck or run over by the test vehicle 650 more than 65 times without damaging it or causing damage to the test vehicle 650.
By repeating the same conflict scenario with and without ACAT enabled, the scoring method allows the evaluator to determine the reduction in the number of collisions by the ACAT, as well as to assess the reduction in the severity of the effects of the collision (ie, the impact speed, the contact points, the relative heading angle) when a collision occurs. The reduction in the severity of the effects of the collision can be achieved by continuously recording the position and velocity of the test vehicle 650 and the GST with high accuracy. In addition, a more detailed analysis of the severity of the effects of the collision for any given test can be achieved by predicting an expected collision delta-V (change in speed) for each test through the use of a multi-body traffic simulation tool becomes.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations are possible in the above described embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as determined by the following claims.
According to a preferred embodiment, the compliant collision missile system is configured to provide a guided compliant target body for testing traffic accident prevention technology for a test vehicle, the compliant collision missile system provided with: a plurality of plates each having an overall length, a total width, and a substantially uniform thickness, the total length and overall width each being at least ten times greater than the thickness; the sheets are soft and yielding and formed of a uniformly distributed material which does not exceed a total hardness of 100 Shore 00; the panels are configured to be releasably reconnectable to each other at such intersecting angles that the panels form an interior framework for a compliant target system, wherein the interior framework is configured to support an exterior cover which forms an outer cover surface of the body of the compliant target object, and the plates have sufficient rigidity to be self-supporting when these plates are connected together to form the inner framework of the compliant target object while supporting the outer cover, which the compliant target wrapped.
According to a preferred embodiment, the system of the compliant collision partner is designed such that it can be mounted on a dynamic movement element (DME).
[00119] According to a preferred embodiment, the compliant collision partner system is designed to replicate the three-dimensional shape and size of a motor vehicle.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plates contain polyethylene foam.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plates are releasably connected to each other by reclosable fasteners.
According to a preferred embodiment, the compliant collision partner system is releasably connected to the dynamic motion member (DME) by reclosable fasteners.
According to a preferred embodiment, the one or more plates are at least partially covered by a protective tissue.
According to a preferred embodiment, an assembly of a compliant collision partner is configured to form a body for a guided compliant target for testing traffic accident prevention technology for a test vehicle, the assembly of the compliant collision partner having: a plurality of plates each having an overall length, a total width, and a substantially uniform thickness, the total length and overall width each being at least ten times greater than the thickness; the sheets are soft and yielding and formed from a uniformly distributed material which does not exceed a total hardness of 100 Shore OO; the panels are configured to be releasably reconnected to each other at such intersecting angles as to form an inner framework for a compliant target system, wherein the inner framework is configured to carry an outer cover which forms an outer cover surface of the body of the compliant target object, and the plates have sufficient rigidity to be self-supporting when these plates are joined together to form the inner framework of the compliant target object while supporting the outer cover which encloses the compliant target object ,
According to a preferred embodiment, the assembly of the compliant collision partner is mounted on a dynamic motion element (DME).
According to a preferred embodiment, the assembly of the compliant collision partner is designed such that it replicates the three-dimensional shape and size of a motor vehicle.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plates contain polyethylene foam.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plates are releasably connected to each other by reclosable fasteners.
According to a preferred embodiment, the assembly of the compliant collision partner is releasably connected to the dynamic moving element (DME) by reclosable fasteners.
According to a preferred embodiment, the one or more plates are at least partially covered by a protective tissue.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided a method by which a system of plates may be mounted which is a compliant collision partner for a guided compliant target object for testing traffic accident prevention technology for a test vehicle, the method comprising comprising releasing the plates together at such intersecting angles as to form an inner framework for a compliant target object; detachably connecting the inner framework for the compliant target object through a cover forming an outer surface of the body of the compliant target object; the plates each having a total length, a total width, and a substantially uniform thickness, the total length and overall width being at least ten times greater than the thickness, respectively; the sheets are soft and yielding and formed of a uniformly distributed material which does not exceed a total hardness of 100 Shore 00; and the panels have sufficient rigidity to be self-supporting when the panels are joined together to form the inner framework of the compliant target object while supporting the outer cover that wraps the compliant target.
According to a preferred embodiment, the step of releasably connecting the plurality of plates to each other at intersecting angles to form the compliant target object further comprises the step of mounting one or more longitudinally extending plates on a dynamic moving element (DME) become.
According to a preferred embodiment, the step of releasably connecting the plurality of plates to each other at intersecting angles to form the compliant target object further comprises the steps of: placing one or more transversely extending plates vertically on the dynamic moving element; releasably connecting the transversely extending plates to the longitudinally extending plates, thereby forming a framework which is self-supporting and has rigidity as an assembly.
According to a preferred embodiment, the step of releasably connecting the plurality of plates to each other at intersecting angles to form the compliant target object further comprises the steps of releasably connecting additional plates to the longitudinally extending plates and / or the in Transverse direction corresponding extending plates, whereby at least part of an outer profile of the compliant target object is formed.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plates are releasably connected to each other by reclosable fasteners.
According to a preferred embodiment, the one or more panels are at least partially covered by a protective fabric.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided a breakaway antenna system adapted for use with a guided, compliant target object, and provided with: an antenna configured to contact the compliant body of a guided, compliant target object mountable, said resilient body can be releasably attached to a dynamic moving element of the guided, resilient target object; a first antenna wire extending from the antenna; a second antenna wire extending from the dynamic moving member; a reconnectable electrical connector capable of electrically connecting the first antenna wire to the second antenna wire so as to ensure sufficient uninterrupted electrical conduction during normal use of the guided compliant target object; wherein the reconnectable electrical connector may interrupt the electrical connection between the first antenna wire and the second antenna wire without damaging the connector or the first or second antenna wire when the compliant body abruptly disengages from the dynamic motion element due to a collision of the guided compliant target with a test vehicle Will get removed.
According to a preferred embodiment, the antenna extends over an outer surface of the compliant body when the antenna is mounted to the compliant body.
In a preferred embodiment, the breakaway antenna system is further provided with a plurality of antennas from which a plurality of antenna wires extend, and one or more reconnectable electrical connectors are configured to connect the plurality of first antenna wires to the second antenna Antenna wire can connect.
According to a preferred embodiment, the reconnectable electrical connector and the second antenna wire are housed in a recess below the outer surface of the dynamic moving element.
According to a preferred embodiment, the second antenna wire is limp so that this ensures a margin.
According to a preferred embodiment, the reconnectable electrical connector is a standard BNC or TNC connector, but without a locking structure conventionally provided for such connectors.
According to a preferred embodiment, the reconnectable electrical standard BNC or TNC connector has a smooth outer surface to prevent the connector from catching on adjacent surfaces in a collision.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided an omnidirectional antenna assembly adapted for use with a guided compliant target object, and provided with: an antenna configured to contact the compliant body of a guided, compliant target object mountable, said resilient body can be releasably attached to a dynamic moving element of the guided, resilient target object; a first antenna wire extending from the antenna; a second antenna wire extending from the dynamic moving member; a reconnectable electrical connector capable of electrically connecting the first antenna wire to the second antenna wire so as to ensure sufficient uninterrupted electrical conduction during normal use of the guided compliant target object; wherein the reconnectable electrical connector may interrupt the electrical connection between the first antenna wire and the second antenna wire without damaging the connector or the first or second antenna wire when the compliant body abruptly disengages from the dynamic motion element due to a collision of the guided compliant target with a test vehicle Will get removed.
According to a preferred embodiment, the antenna extends over an outer surface of the compliant body when the antenna is mounted on the compliant body.
According to a preferred embodiment, the break away antenna assembly is further provided with a plurality of antennas from which a plurality of antenna wires extend, and one or more reconnectable electrical connectors are configured to connect the plurality of first antenna wires to the second antenna Antenna wire can connect.
According to a preferred embodiment, the reconnectable electrical connector and the second antenna wire are housed in a recess below the outer surface of the dynamic moving element.
According to a preferred embodiment, the second antenna wire is limp so that this ensures a margin.
According to a preferred embodiment, the reconnectable electrical connector is a standard BNC or TNC connector, but without a locking structure commonly provided for such connectors.
According to a preferred embodiment, the reconnectable electrical standard BNC or TNC connector has an outer surface to prevent the connector from catching on adjacent surfaces in a collision.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided a method of reconnecting the connection of an antenna assembly to a guided, compliant target object, the method comprising the steps of: providing an antenna adapted to contact the compliant body of a guided antenna compliant target object, which compliant body is releasably attachable to a dynamic moving member of the guided compliant target object; Providing a first antenna wire extending from the antenna; Providing a second antenna wire extending from the dynamic moving member; Providing a reconnectable electrical connector capable of electrically connecting the first antenna wire to the second antenna wire so as to ensure sufficient uninterrupted electrical conduction during normal use of the guided compliant target object; wherein the reconnectable electrical connector may interrupt the electrical connection between the first antenna wire and the second antenna wire without damaging the connector or the first or second antenna wire when the compliant body abruptly disengages from the dynamic motion element due to a collision of the guided compliant target with a test vehicle Will get removed; Mounting the antenna to a compliant body of a guided, compliant target; releasably securing the resilient body to a dynamic moving element; Connecting the first antenna wire to the second antenna wire; and abruptly removing the compliant body from the dynamic moving member by a collision of the compliant body with a test vehicle whereby the reconnectable electrical connector breaks the connection from the first antenna wire to the second antenna wire without damaging the connector or the first or second antenna wire.
According to a preferred embodiment, the step of mounting the antenna to a compliant body of a guided, compliant target object further comprises the step of mounting the antenna to the compliant body such that the antenna extends beyond an outer surface of the compliant body.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is further provided the step of mounting the plurality of antennas to the compliant body with a plurality of first antenna wires extending from the antennas, and electrically connecting the first antenna wires to the second antenna wires, including one or more reconnectable electrical connectors are used.
According to a preferred embodiment, further provided is the method step of providing the reconnectable electrical connector and the second antenna wire in a recess located below the outer surface of the dynamic moving element.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method step of the slack mounting of the second antenna wire is further provided, so that this ensures a margin.
[00156] According to a preferred embodiment, the step of providing the reconnectable electrical connector further comprises the step of providing a reconnectable electrical connector in the form of a standard BNC or TNC connector, but without a latching structure commonly provided for such connectors.
According to a preferred embodiment, a dynamic moving member employable with a compliant collision partner is provided with: a body having an upper outer surface defining an opening in a recessed area located below the upper outer surface; an antenna wire extending from the body of the dynamic moving member into the recessed area and terminating in one or more first reconnectable electrical connector elements configured to make electrical contact with corresponding one or more second reconnectable electrical connectors which in turn produces a continuous electrical connection with one or more antennas during normal operation of the compliant collision partner; wherein the first and second electrical connector elements are further configured to make an interruption to the second reconnectable electrical connector elements without damaging the antenna wires or the electrical connector elements when one or more antennas are subjected to impact by a test vehicle are.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided an engageable antenna system adapted for use with a dynamic moving member of a guided compliant target object, the engageable antenna system comprising: a dynamic moving member comprising a body having an inner portion and an inner portion upper outer surface, in which an opening is formed; a platform integrally mounted to the body, wherein the platform is biased against the opening and engageable with the interior area when a force is applied directly toward the interior area of the platform; an antenna mounted on the platform and extending above the upper outer surface when the platform is not engaged in the inner region, the antenna being engaged through the aperture and at least substantially into the inner region when the platform is in place the inner area is indented.
According to a preferred embodiment, the platform is biased through the opening by means of at least one spring.
According to a preferred embodiment, the platform has a first side and a second side opposite the first side, wherein the first side is connected to the body by a hinge, and the platform is engageable with the inner region by pivoting about the hinge ,
According to a preferred embodiment, the platform is biased against the opening by means of at least one position spring.
According to a preferred embodiment, the engageable antenna system is further provided with: a platform having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; and a frame including a body having a first side and a second side opposite the first side and an opening formed between the first and second sides through which at least a portion of the platform passes when the platform is engaged in the inner region; wherein the first side of the platform is connected to the first side of the frame by means of a first joint, and the second side of the frame is connected to the body by means of a second joint, the platform being moved into the inner region by a pivoting movement about the first and / or. or the second joint is engageable.
According to a preferred embodiment, the platform is biased against the opening by means of at least one spring.
According to a preferred embodiment, the frame is biased against the opening with at least one spring.
According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one spring is a torsion spring.
According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one spring is a torsion spring.
According to a preferred embodiment, the platform is biased against the opening with at least one torsion spring and the frame is biased against the opening with we least one torsion spring.
According to a preferred embodiment, the antenna is a GPS antenna.
According to a preferred embodiment, the antenna is a GPS antenna.
According to a preferred embodiment, the upward movement of the platform is limited by a stop of the platform against the body.
According to a preferred embodiment, the upward movement of the platform is limited by a stop of the second side of the platform against the body.
According to a preferred embodiment, the engageable antenna system further comprises a resilient body releasably secured to the dynamic moving member.
According to a preferred embodiment, a method of using a guided compliant target object is provided with the steps of: providing a guided compliant target object having a dynamic motion element, which in turn is provided with an engageable antenna, the engageable antenna system being provided with: the dynamic moving member having a body having an inner portion and an upper outer surface in which an opening is formed; a platform integrally mounted to the body, wherein the platform is biased against the opening and engageable with the interior area when a force is applied directly toward the interior area of the platform; an antenna mounted on the platform and extending above the upper outer surface when the platform is not engaged in the inner region, the antenna being engaged through the aperture and at least substantially into the inner region when the platform is in place the inner area is indented; and traversing the upper portion of at least a portion of the dynamic moving member by a test vehicle and traversing the top of at least a portion of the antenna, thereby engaging the antenna in the interior.
According to a preferred embodiment, the guided compliant target object comprises a resilient body releasably mounted to the dynamic moving member, wherein the step of passing the upper portion of at least a portion of the dynamic moving member through a test vehicle collides the test vehicle with the vehicle compliant body and removes at least a portion of the compliant body from the dynamic moving element.
According to a preferred embodiment, the engageable antenna system is further provided with: a platform having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; and a frame including a body having a first side and a second side opposite the first side and an opening formed between the first and second sides through which at least a portion of the platform passes when the platform is engaged in the inner region; wherein the first side of the platform is connected to the first side of the frame by means of a first joint, and the second side of the frame is connected to the body by means of a second joint, the platform being moved into the inner region by a pivoting movement about the first and / or. or the second joint is engageable; wherein the step of passing over the top of at least a portion of the dynamic moving member by the test vehicle further includes engaging the antenna in the inner region by pivotal movement of the platform about the first and / or second joint.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method includes repeating the process step of passing the top of at least a portion of the dynamic moving member and the top of at least a portion of the antenna through a test vehicle, thereby engaging the inner portion thereof engageable antenna system is not damaged.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method includes repeating the process step of passing the top of at least a portion of the dynamic moving member and the top of at least a portion of the antenna through a test vehicle, thereby engaging the inner portion thereof engageable antenna system is not damaged.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dynamic moving member of the guided compliant target object is provided with: a body supported on a plurality of wheels, the wheels having at least one driven wheel driven in rotation by an electrically controlled power source, and at least one steerable wheel coupled to an electronically controlled control system; and an electronically controlled hydraulic braking system which cooperates with the plurality of wheels and is adapted to exert a braking force on each of the plurality of wheels.
According to a preferred embodiment, the electronically controlled hydraulic brake system is designed such that it can apply braking forces independently of each other for the plurality of wheels.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of wheels at least one front wheel and at least one rear wheel, wherein the electronically controlled hydraulic brake system can apply the braking forces to the front wheels independently of the application of braking force to the rear wheels.
According to a preferred embodiment, the electronically controlled hydraulic brake system is further provided with: a plurality of electronically controlled servomechanisms mechanically coupled via a separate master cylinder, each hydraulic coupled to at least one brake mechanism, and each of the brake mechanisms mechanically coupled to one or more of the wheels is coupled.
According to a preferred embodiment, the electronically controlled hydraulic brake system is further provided with: a first electronically controlled servomechanism coupled to a first master cylinder hydraulically coupled to at least one of the brake mechanisms and a second electronically controlled servomechanism associated with a second master cylinder is hydraulically coupled to at least one brake mechanism, wherein each of the brake mechanisms is mechanically coupled to one or more wheels.
According to a preferred embodiment, the electronically controlled hydraulic brake system is further provided with: a first electronically controlled servomechanism coupled to a first master cylinder hydraulically coupled to at least one of the brake mechanisms; a second electronically controlled servomechanism coupled to one a second master cylinder coupled hydraulically to at least one brake mechanism and a third electronically controlled servo mechanism coupled to a third master cylinder hydraulically coupled to at least one of the brake mechanisms, each of the brake mechanisms mechanically coupled to one or more wheels is.
According to a preferred embodiment, the electronically controlled hydraulic brake system is further provided with: a first electronically controlled servomechanism coupled to a first master cylinder hydraulically coupled to at least one of the brake mechanisms; a second electronically controlled servomechanism coupled to one second master cylinder hydraulically coupled to at least one brake mechanism, a third electronically controlled servomechanism coupled to a third master cylinder hydraulically coupled to at least one of the brake mechanisms, and a fourth electronically controlled servomechanism coupled to a fourth master cylinder coupled hydraulically with at least one of the brake mechanisms, wherein each of the
Brake mechanisms is mechanically coupled with one or more wheels.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of electronically controlled servomechanisms are independently controllable by a computer located on board the dynamic moving element.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of electronically controlled servo mechanisms are independently controllable by wireless signal transmission.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of electronically controlled servo mechanisms are independently controllable by a computer located on the dynamic moving member, and at least one of the electronically controlled servo mechanisms is independently controllable by wireless signal transmission.
In a preferred embodiment, the brake system is an anti-lock brake system.
According to a preferred embodiment, the brake system is a stability control braking system.
According to a preferred embodiment, the brake system has separate hydraulic fluid reservoirs for different master cylinders.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dynamic motion element is configured to receive wireless transmitted signals from a remote signal source, wherein the electronically controlled hydraulic braking system is adapted to apply a braking force to at least one of the wheels due to the wireless signal transmission when such signal transmission from the remote signal source breaks off.
According to a preferred embodiment, the electronically controlled hydraulic brake system comprises at least one wheel which is mechanically coupled to a plurality of independently operated brake mechanisms.
According to a preferred embodiment, the independently operated brake mechanisms are actuated hydraulically by separate master cylinders.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided a method of electronically controlling a braking force under the wheels of the dynamic moving member, comprising the steps of providing a dynamic moving member of a guided compliant target object provided with: one supported on a plurality of wheels A body, the wheels having at least one driven wheel driven in rotation by an electrically controlled power source and at least one steerable wheel coupled to an electronically controlled control system; and an electronically controlled hydraulic braking system which cooperates with the plurality of wheels and is adapted to exert a braking force on each of the plurality of wheels; and an electronically controlled braking system which controls the braking force applied to the one or more wheels relative to the braking force applied to one or more of the other wheels.
In a preferred embodiment, the step of electronically controlling the brake system is such that the relative amounts of braking forces exerted on some of the wheels relative to the other wheels are caused by wireless signal transmission to the dynamic motion element.
In a preferred embodiment, the step of electronically controlling the braking system is such that the relative amounts of braking forces exerted on some of the wheels relative to the other wheels are automatically determined by a computer based on feedback from one or more sensors the dynamic motion element is effected.
According to a preferred embodiment, the one or more sensors comprise one of the following sensors: sensors providing output signals based on the rotational speed of one or more of the wheels; and sensors that provide output signals based on forces that are adjusted to one or more of the wheels.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dynamic moving element of the guided compliant target object comprises one or more wireless signal transmission transmitters which jointly wirelessly transmit data over a plurality of frequencies from the dynamic motion element to a remote location from the dynamic motion element.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of frequencies include the frequency of 900 MHz.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of frequencies contains the frequency of 2.4 GHz.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of frequencies include the frequencies of 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dynamic moving element of the guided compliant target object comprises one or more transceiver units which jointly wirelessly transmit data over a plurality of frequencies from the dynamic moving element to a remote location of the dynamic moving element.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dynamic moving element according to claim 5 has a plurality of frequencies including 900 MHz.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dynamic moving element according to claim 5 has a plurality of frequencies which include 2.4 GHz.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of frequencies include the frequencies of 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz.
In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of frequencies includes a radio frequency band.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dynamic motion element is configured to transmit a first group of files over a first distance at a first frequency, and further to transmit a second group of files over a second distance at a second frequency first group of files is larger than the second group of files, and the first distance is shorter than the second distance, and the first frequency is higher than the second frequency.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dynamic motion element is configured to receive and / or transmit a first group of files over a first distance at a first frequency, and further a second group of files over a second distance to a second frequency receives and / or transmits, wherein the first group of files is larger than the second group of files, and the first distance is shorter than the second distance, and the first frequency is higher than the second frequency.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided a method of transferring data between a dynamic moving element of a guided, compliant target object and a remote location, comprising the steps of: providing a dynamic moving element of a guided compliant target object provided with a one or more transceiver units that collectively wirelessly transmit and receive data over a plurality of frequencies from the dynamic motion element to a location remote from the dynamic motion element; Transmitting and / or receiving a first group of files over a first distance using a first frequency, and transmitting and / or receiving a second group of files over the second first distance using a second frequency.
According to a preferred embodiment, the first files are larger than the second files, the first distance is shorter than the second distance, and the first frequency is higher than the second frequency.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of frequencies include the frequency of 2.4 GHz.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of frequencies includes the frequency of 900 MHz.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of frequencies include the frequencies of 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz.
[00214] According to a preferred embodiment, the method further includes transmitting and / or receiving signals of a third frequency over a third distance.
According to a third embodiment, the third distance is farther away than the second and the first distance and the third frequency includes a radio frequency band.
According to a preferred embodiment, at least one transmitter for transmitting wireless signals is selected such that it can wirelessly transmit signals via a local wireless network LAN.
According to a preferred embodiment, the step of transmitting and / or receiving first files over a first distance by means of a first frequency includes signal transmission over a local wireless LAN.

权利要求:
Claims (12)
[1]
claims
A compliant target object for testing traffic accident prevention technology for a test vehicle (650), characterized in that the compliant target object (600) is adapted to be mounted on a motor driven dynamic motion element (DME) and when mounted thereon mounted to collision with a test vehicle while the dynamic moving element (DME) is moving, the compliant target object (600) being provided with: a plurality of plates (3010, 3020, 1805) each having a total length, a total width, and have a substantially uniform thickness, the total length and overall width of each being at least ten times greater than the thickness thereof; the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are soft and compliant and formed of a uniformly distributed material which does not exceed a total hardness of 100 Shore OO; the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are configured so as to be releasably connected to each other at intersecting angles, or are repeatedly reconnected to each other at such intersecting angles that an inner framework for a compliant target system (GST) is formed; inner framework is configured to carry an outer cover (3030) forming an outer covering surface of the body of the compliant target (600), and the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) have sufficient rigidity to be self-supporting when these plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are joined together to form the inner framework of the compliant target object (600) while supporting the outer cover (3030) that envelops the compliant target object (600); wherein, due to a collision between the test vehicle (650) and the compliant target (600), at least some of the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) of the compliant target (600) disengage without causing damage to the test vehicle (650).
[2]
2. The compliant target object according to claim 1, characterized in that it replicates the three-dimensional shape and size of a motor vehicle.
[3]
The compliant target of any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) comprise polyethylene foam.
[4]
The compliant target of any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are releasably connected to each other by reclosable fasteners (3040, 3045).
[5]
5. The compliant target object according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is releasably connected to the dynamic movement element (DME) by reclosable fasteners (3040, 3045).
[6]
The compliant target of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the one or more plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are or are at least partially covered by a protective fabric (3030).
[7]
7. A method of testing collision avoidance technology for a test vehicle (650), the method including a compliant target object (600) configured to be mountable to a motor driven dynamic motion element (DME) and when mounted thereon for collision with a test vehicle while the dynamic moving element (DME) is moving, wherein the compliant target object (600) is provided with: a plurality of plates (3010, 3020, 1805) each having a total length; Overall width, and have a substantially uniform thickness, wherein the total length and total width is at least ten times greater than the thickness in each case; the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are soft and compliant and formed of a uniformly distributed material which does not exceed a total hardness of 100 Shore OO; the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are configured to be releasably or repeatedly reconnected to each other at such intersecting angles with intersecting angles such that an inner framework for a compliant target system (GST) is formed, wherein the inner framework is configured to carry an outer cover (3030) forming an outer cover surface of the body of the compliant target (600), and the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) have sufficient rigidity to be self-supporting when these plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are interconnected to form the inner framework of the compliant target (600) while supporting the outer cover (3030) that envelops the compliant target (600); wherein, due to a collision between the test vehicle (650) and the compliant target object (600), at least some of the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) of the compliant target object (600) disengage from each other without causing damage to the test vehicle (650), and the method further comprises the steps of: releasably bonding the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) together with the intersecting angles to form the inner framework for the compliant target object (600); detachably connecting the inner framework for the compliant target object (600) with a cover forming an outer surface of the body of the compliant target object (600); mounting the compliant target (600) on the motor driven dynamic motion element (DME); and colliding the compliant target (600) with the test vehicle (650) while the dynamic motion element (DME) is moving.
[8]
The method of claim 7, characterized in that the step of releasably connecting the plurality of panels (3010, 3020, 1805) to each other at intersecting angles to form the compliant target (600) further comprises the step of having one or more longitudinally extending plates (1805) are mounted on a dynamic moving element (DME).
[9]
The method of any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the step of releasably connecting the plurality of plates (3010, 3020, 1805) to each other at intersecting angles to form the compliant target (600) further comprises the steps of: placing one or more transversely extending plates (3020) vertically on the dynamic moving element (DME); and releasably connecting the transversely extending plates to the longitudinally extending plates, thereby forming a framework that is self-supporting and has rigidity as an assembly.
[10]
The method of any of claims 7-9, characterized in that the step of releasably connecting the plurality of plates (3010, 3020, 1805) to each other at intersecting angles to form the compliant target (600) further comprises the step of: releasable Joining additional panels to the longitudinally extending panels (1805) and / or the transversely extending extending panels (3020) thereby forming at least a portion of an outer profile of the compliant target (600).
[11]
11. The method according to any one of claims 7-10, characterized in that the plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are releasably connected to each other by reclosable fasteners.
[12]
The method of any one of claims 7-11, characterized in that the one or more plates (3010, 3020, 1805) are at least partially covered by a protective tissue (3030). For this 34 sheets of drawings

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法律状态:

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201261639745P| true| 2012-04-27|2012-04-27|

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US13/532,430|US8589062B2|2011-07-13|2012-06-25|Devices, systems, and methods for testing crash avoidance technologies|

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US13/532,417|US8583358B2|2011-07-13|2012-06-25|Devices, systems, and methods for testing crash avoidance technologies|

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US13/532,383|US8428864B2|2011-07-13|2012-06-25|Devices, systems, and methods for testing crash avoidance technologies|

---

US13/532,396|US8457877B2|2011-07-13|2012-06-25|Devices, systems, and methods for testing crash avoidance technologies|

---

US13/532,366|US8428863B2|2011-07-13|2012-06-25|Devices, systems, and methods for testing crash avoidance technologies|

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